| 翻訳と辞書 |
Hiram I
Hiram I (Hebrew: חִירָם, "high-born"; Standard Hebrew (unicode:''Ḥiram''), Tiberian vocalization ''Ḥîrām'', Modern Arabic: حيرام), according to the Hebrew Bible, was the Phoenician king of Tyre. He reigned from 980 to 947 BC, succeeding his father, Abibaal. Hiram was succeeded as king of Tyre by his son Baal-Eser I.〔Vance, Donald R. (March 1994) "Literary Sources for the History of Palestine and Syria: The Phœnician Inscriptions" ''The Biblical Archaeologist'' 57(1) 2-19.〕 Hiram is also mentioned in the writings of Menander of Ephesus, as preserved in Josephus’s ''Against Apion'', which adds to the Biblical account. According to Josephus, Hiram lived 53 years and reigned 34.
==Reign==
During Hiram's reign, Tyre grew from a satellite of Sidon into the most important of Phoenician cities, and the holder of a large trading empire. He suppressed the rebellion of the first Tyrean colony at Utica, near the later site of Carthage (''Against Apion'' i:18).
The Hebrew Bible says that he allied himself with King David of the United Kingdom of Israel (, , ). After the death of King David, Hiram continued the alliance with David's son and successor Solomon, again as an equal ("אחי", meaning "brothers" 1 Kings 9:13, Amos 1:9)〔Michael D. Coogan, "A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament" page 213-214, Oxford University Press, 2009〕 Through the alliance with Solomon, Hiram ensured himself access to the major trade routes to Egypt, Arabia and Mesopotamia. The two kings also jointly opened a trade route over the Red Sea, connecting the Israelite harbour of Ezion-Geber with a land called Ophir (2 Chronicles 8:16,17). Some schools of thought suggest that this land of Ophir was the port city of Sopara near modern Mumbai.〔A L Bashman, "The wonder that was India" page 232, Picador press India〕
According to the Bible, both kings grew rich through this trade, and Hiram sent Solomon architects, workmen, cedar wood, and gold to build the First Temple in Jerusalem. Josephus says that he also extended the Tyrean harbour, enlarged the city by joining the two islands on which it was built, and constructed a royal palace and a temple for Melqart (''Against Apion'' i:17). Modern archaeology has found no evidence for these expansions.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Hiram I」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|